Title |
Probiotics or antibiotics: future challenges in medicine
|
---|---|
Published in |
Journal of Medical Microbiology, December 2014
|
DOI | 10.1099/jmm.0.078923-0 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Yousef Nami, Babak Haghshenas, Norhafizah Abdullah, Abolfazl Barzegari, Dayang Radiah, Rozita Rosli, Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi |
Abstract |
Genetic and environmental factors can affect intestinal microbiome and microbial metabolome. Among these environmental factors, the consumption of antibiotics can significantly change the intestinal microbiome of individuals and consequently affect the corresponding metagenome. The term "probiotics" is related to preventive medicine rather than therapeutic procedures and is thus considered the opposite of antibiotics. This review discusses the challenges between these contradictory terms in terms of the following points: I) antibiotic resistance, relationship between antibiotic consumption and microbiome diversity reduction, antibiotic effect on metagenome lesion, and disease associated with antibiotics; and II) probiotics as living drugs, probiotic effect on epigenetically alterations, and gut microbiome relevance to hygiene indulgence. The intestinal microbiome is more specific for individuals and may be altered by environmental alterations and the occurrence of diseases. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 2 | 17% |
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1 | 8% |
Jordan | 1 | 8% |
India | 1 | 8% |
Japan | 1 | 8% |
Ireland | 1 | 8% |
United States | 1 | 8% |
Unknown | 4 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 7 | 58% |
Scientists | 3 | 25% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 8% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | <1% |
Kazakhstan | 1 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Korea, Republic of | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 209 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 32 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 31 | 15% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 24 | 11% |
Researcher | 20 | 9% |
Student > Postgraduate | 13 | 6% |
Other | 35 | 16% |
Unknown | 58 | 27% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 43 | 20% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 37 | 17% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 21 | 10% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 15 | 7% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 8 | 4% |
Other | 26 | 12% |
Unknown | 63 | 30% |