Title |
Past and future global transformation of terrestrial ecosystems under climate change
|
---|---|
Published in |
Science, August 2018
|
DOI | 10.1126/science.aan5360 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Connor Nolan, Jonathan T Overpeck, Judy R M Allen, Patricia M Anderson, Julio L Betancourt, Heather A Binney, Simon Brewer, Mark B Bush, Brian M Chase, Rachid Cheddadi, Morteza Djamali, John Dodson, Mary E Edwards, William D Gosling, Simon Haberle, Sara C Hotchkiss, Brian Huntley, Sarah J Ivory, A Peter Kershaw, Soo-Hyun Kim, Claudio Latorre, Michelle Leydet, Anne-Marie Lézine, Kam-Biu Liu, Yao Liu, A V Lozhkin, Matt S McGlone, Robert A Marchant, Arata Momohara, Patricio I Moreno, Stefanie Müller, Bette L Otto-Bliesner, Caiming Shen, Janelle Stevenson, Hikaru Takahara, Pavel E Tarasov, John Tipton, Annie Vincens, Chengyu Weng, Qinghai Xu, Zhuo Zheng, Stephen T Jackson |
Abstract |
Impacts of global climate change on terrestrial ecosystems are imperfectly constrained by ecosystem models and direct observations. Pervasive ecosystem transformations occurred in response to warming and associated climatic changes during the last glacial-to-interglacial transition, which was comparable in magnitude to warming projected for the next century under high-emission scenarios. We reviewed 594 published paleoecological records to examine compositional and structural changes in terrestrial vegetation since the last glacial period and to project the magnitudes of ecosystem transformations under alternative future emission scenarios. Our results indicate that terrestrial ecosystems are highly sensitive to temperature change and suggest that, without major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems worldwide are at risk of major transformation, with accompanying disruption of ecosystem services and impacts on biodiversity. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 76 | 11% |
Chile | 31 | 4% |
Spain | 28 | 4% |
France | 17 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 15 | 2% |
Mexico | 15 | 2% |
Germany | 12 | 2% |
Australia | 8 | 1% |
Canada | 8 | 1% |
Other | 81 | 12% |
Unknown | 411 | 59% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 515 | 73% |
Scientists | 164 | 23% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 16 | 2% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 6 | <1% |
Unknown | 1 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 532 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 94 | 18% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 92 | 17% |
Student > Master | 59 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 31 | 6% |
Professor | 27 | 5% |
Other | 90 | 17% |
Unknown | 139 | 26% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Environmental Science | 107 | 20% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 106 | 20% |
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 57 | 11% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 16 | 3% |
Social Sciences | 15 | 3% |
Other | 67 | 13% |
Unknown | 164 | 31% |