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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Characterization of the Adherence of Clostridium difficile Spores: The Integrity of the Outermost Layer Affects Adherence Properties of Spores of the Epidemic Strain R20291 to Components of the Intestinal Mucosa
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, September 2016
|
| DOI | 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00099 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Paola Mora-Uribe, Camila Miranda-Cárdenas, Pablo Castro-Córdova, Fernando Gil, Iván Calderón, Juan A. Fuentes, Paula I. Rodas, Saeed Banawas, Mahfuzur R. Sarker, Daniel Paredes-Sabja |
| Abstract |
Clostridium difficile is the causative agent of the most frequently reported nosocomial diarrhea worldwide. The high incidence of recurrent infection is the main clinical challenge of C. difficile infections (CDI). Formation of C. difficile spores of the epidemic strain R20291 has been shown to be essential for recurrent infection and transmission of the disease in a mouse model. However, the underlying mechanisms of how these spores persist in the colonic environment remains unclear. In this work, we characterized the adherence properties of epidemic R20291 spores to components of the intestinal mucosa, and we assessed the role of the exosporium integrity in the adherence properties by using cdeC mutant spores with a defective exosporium layer. Our results showed that spores and vegetative cells of the epidemic R20291 strain adhered at high levels to monolayers of Caco-2 cells and mucin. Transmission electron micrographs of Caco-2 cells demonstrated that the hair-like projections on the surface of R20291 spores are in close proximity with the plasma membrane and microvilli of undifferentiated and differentiated monolayers of Caco-2 cells. Competitive-binding assay in differentiated Caco-2 cells suggests that spore-adherence is mediated by specific binding sites. By using spores of a cdeC mutant we demonstrated that the integrity of the exosporium layer determines the affinity of adherence of C. difficile spores to Caco-2 cells and mucin. Binding of fibronectin and vitronectin to the spore surface was concentration-dependent, and depending on the concentration, spore-adherence to Caco-2 cells was enhanced. In the presence of an aberrantly-assembled exosporium (cdeC spores), binding of fibronectin, but not vitronectin, was increased. Notably, independent of the exosporium integrity, only a fraction of the spores had fibronectin and vitronectin molecules binding to their surface. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the integrity of the exosporium layer of strain R20291 contributes to selective spore adherence to components of the intestinal mucosa. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Switzerland | 1 | 50% |
| Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
| Scientists | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 68 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 68 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 11 | 16% |
| Researcher | 10 | 15% |
| Student > Bachelor | 9 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 6 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 7% |
| Other | 14 | 21% |
| Unknown | 13 | 19% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Immunology and Microbiology | 14 | 21% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 13 | 19% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 12 | 18% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 4 | 6% |
| Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 2 | 3% |
| Other | 9 | 13% |
| Unknown | 14 | 21% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 September 2016.
All research outputs
#17,817,005
of 22,889,074 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
#4,121
of 6,440 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#230,124
of 321,010 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
#29
of 45 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,889,074 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 19th percentile – i.e., 19% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 6,440 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.3. This one is in the 24th percentile – i.e., 24% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 321,010 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 24th percentile – i.e., 24% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 45 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 35th percentile – i.e., 35% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.