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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Increased Zinc Availability Enhances Initial Aggregation and Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, June 2017
|
| DOI | 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00233 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Lindsey R. Brown, Rachel C. Caulkins, Tyler E. Schartel, Jason W. Rosch, Erin S. Honsa, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Victoria A. Meliopoulos, Sean Cherry, Justin A. Thornton |
| Abstract |
Bacteria growing within biofilms are protected from antibiotics and the immune system. Within these structures, horizontal transfer of genes encoding virulence factors, and promoting antibiotic resistance occurs, making biofilms an extremely important aspect of pneumococcal colonization and persistence. Identifying environmental cues that contribute to the formation of biofilms is critical to understanding pneumococcal colonization and infection. Iron has been shown to be essential for the formation of pneumococcal biofilms; however, the role of other physiologically important metals such as copper, zinc, and manganese has been largely neglected. In this study, we investigated the effect of metals on pneumococcal aggregation and early biofilm formation. Our results show that biofilms increase as zinc concentrations increase. The effect was found to be zinc-specific, as altering copper and manganese concentrations did not affect biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed structural differences between biofilms grown in varying concentrations of zinc. Analysis of biofilm formation in a mutant strain lacking the peroxide-generating enzyme pyruvate oxidase, SpxB, revealed that zinc does not protect against pneumococcal H2O2. Further, analysis of a mutant strain lacking the major autolysin, LytA, indicated the role of zinc as a negative regulator of LytA-dependent autolysis, which could affect biofilm formation. Additionally, analysis of cell-cell aggregation via plating and microscopy revealed that high concentrations of zinc contribute to intercellular interaction of pneumococci. The findings from this study demonstrate that metal availability contributes to the ability of pneumococci to form aggregates and subsequently, biofilms. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 2 | 29% |
| Netherlands | 1 | 14% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 14% |
| Unknown | 3 | 43% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Scientists | 4 | 57% |
| Members of the public | 3 | 43% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 65 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 65 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 14 | 22% |
| Researcher | 10 | 15% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 11% |
| Student > Master | 6 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 5% |
| Other | 6 | 9% |
| Unknown | 19 | 29% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Immunology and Microbiology | 12 | 18% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 7 | 11% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 9% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 9% |
| Environmental Science | 3 | 5% |
| Other | 8 | 12% |
| Unknown | 23 | 35% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 4. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 09 October 2022.
All research outputs
#6,652,620
of 23,504,694 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
#1,358
of 6,823 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#105,343
of 318,377 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
#51
of 192 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,504,694 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 70th percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 6,823 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.6. This one has done well, scoring higher than 79% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 318,377 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 66% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 192 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 73% of its contemporaries.