Ran Cheng, Wen Liu, Rui Zhang, Yuchao Feng, Neil A. Bhowmick, Tao Hu
Abstract
Periodontitis is defined as inflammation affecting the supporting tissue of teeth. Periodontal pathogens initiate the disease and induce inflammatory host response. Hypoxia may accelerate the process by producing pro-inflammatory factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS in inducing caspase-1 activation in normoxic or hypoxic phases. The results showed that healthy gingiva was in a normoxic phase (HIF-1α negative). However, hypoxia appeared in periodontitis, in which NLRP3, cleaved-caspase-1, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and caspase-1-induced cell death was enhanced in periodontitis specimens. The in vitro experiment showed that P. gingivalis LPS slightly decreased the level of NLRP3 and IL-1β in gingival fibroblasts under normoxia. Surprisingly, hypoxia reversed the effects of P. gingivalis LPS, highly promoted caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation. E. coli LPS, a kind of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) was chosen to simulate the effect of Gram-negative microbiota. Different from P. gingivalis LPS, E. coli LPS enhanced IL-1β maturation both in normoxia and hypoxia. Moreover, E. coli LPS turned normoxia into hypoxia phase in experimental periodontitis model, which may subsequently propel the inflammatory effect of P. gingivalis LPS. It was concluded that E. coli LPS induced a hypoxic phase, which is a combing pathological factor of P. gingivalis LPS in caspase-1 activating and IL-1β maturation in periodontal inflammation.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
2
4%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
2
4%
Other
4
8%
Unknown
17
35%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 01 December 2017.
All research outputs
#17,919,786
of 23,007,887 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
#4,165
of 6,499 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#232,576
of 325,276 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
#66
of 92 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,007,887 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 19th percentile – i.e., 19% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 6,499 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.4. This one is in the 24th percentile – i.e., 24% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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