Genetic Variability as a Regulator of TLR4 and NOD Signaling in Response to Bacterial Driven DNA Damage Response (DDR) and Inflammation: Focus on the Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
Evagelia Spanou, Polyxeni Kalisperati, Ioannis S. Pateras, Alexandros Papalampros, Alexandra Barbouti, Athanasios G. Tzioufas, Athanassios Kotsinas, Stavros Sougioultzis
Abstract
The fundamental role of human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), the two most studied pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), is the protection against pathogens and excessive tissue injury. Recent evidence supports the association between TLR/NLR gene mutations and susceptibility to inflammatory, autoimmune, and malignant diseases. PRRs also interfere with several cellular processes, such as cell growth, apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation, autophagy, angiogenesis, cell motility and migration, and DNA repair mechanisms. We briefly review the impact of TLR4 and NOD1/NOD2 and their genetic variability in the process of inflammation, tumorigenesis and DNA repair, focusing in the gastrointestinal tract. We also review the available data on new therapeutic strategies utilizing TLR/NLR agonists and antagonists for cancer, allergic diseases, viral infections and vaccine development against both infectious diseases and cancer.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
2
8%
Unspecified
1
4%
Other
4
17%
Unknown
3
13%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 23 June 2017.
All research outputs
#12,846,318
of 22,977,819 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Genetics
#2,612
of 12,014 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#146,433
of 314,113 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Genetics
#28
of 53 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,977,819 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 43rd percentile – i.e., 43% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 12,014 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.7. This one has done well, scoring higher than 77% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 53 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 47th percentile – i.e., 47% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
