Jayaum S. Booth, Rosangela Salerno-Goncalves, Thomas G. Blanchard, Seema A. Patil, Howard A. Kader, Anca M. Safta, Lindsay M. Morningstar, Steven J. Czinn, Bruce D. Greenwald, Marcelo B. Sztein
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells represent a class of antimicrobial innate-like T cells that have been characterized in human blood, liver, lungs, and intestine. Here, we investigated, for the first time, the presence of MAIT cells in the stomach of children, adults, and the elderly undergoing routine endoscopy and assessed their reactivity to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori - Hp), a major gastric pathogen. We observed that MAIT cells are present in the lamina propria compartment of the stomach and display a similar memory phenotype to blood MAIT cells. We then demonstrated that gastric and blood MAIT cells are able to recognize H. pylori. We found that CD8(+) and CD4(-)CD8(-) (double negative) MAIT cell subsets respond to H. pylori-infected macrophages stimulation in a MR-1 restrictive manner by producing cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17A) and exhibiting cytotoxic activity. Interestingly, we observed that blood MAIT cell frequency in Hp(+ve) individuals was significantly lower than in Hp(-ve) individuals. However, gastric MAIT cell frequency was not significantly different between Hp(+ve) and Hp(-ve) individuals, demonstrating a dichotomy between blood and gastric tissues. Further, we observed that the majority of gastric MAIT cells (>80%) expressed tissue-resident markers (CD69(+) CD103(+)), which were only marginally present on PBMC MAIT cells (<3%), suggesting that gastric MAIT cells are readily available to respond quickly to pathogens. These results contribute important new information to the understanding of MAIT cells function on peripheral and mucosal tissues and its possible implications in the host response to H. pylori.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
2
2%
Other
5
5%
Unknown
21
22%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 13 October 2015.
All research outputs
#15,865,165
of 26,383,299 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in immunology
#14,952
of 33,032 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#141,511
of 284,952 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in immunology
#69
of 160 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 26,383,299 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 38th percentile – i.e., 38% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 33,032 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.7. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 51% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 160 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 51% of its contemporaries.
