The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of platycodin D (PLD) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and clarify the possible mechanism. An LPS-induced ALI model was used to confirm the anti-inflammatory activity of PLD in vivo. The A549 lung epithelial cells were used to investigate the molecular mechanism and targets of PLD in vitro. In vivo, the results showed that PLD significantly attenuated lung histopathologic changes, myeloperoxidase activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In vitro, PLD inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production in LPS-stimulated A549 lung epithelial cells. Western blot analysis showed that PLD suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB and IRF3 activation. Moreover, PLD did not act though affecting the expression of TLR4. We also showed that PLD disrupted the formation of lipid rafts by depleting cholesterol and prevented LPS-induced TLR4 trafficking to lipid rafts, thereby blocking LPS-induced inflammatory response. Finally, PLD activated LXRα-ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux. Knockdown of LXRα abrogated the anti-inflammatory effects of PLD. The anti-inflammatory effects of PLD was associated with upregulation of the LXRα-ABCA1 pathway, which resulted in disrupting lipid rafts by depleting cholesterol and reducing translocation of TLR4 to lipid rafts.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
2
13%
Medicine and Dentistry
2
13%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
2
13%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
2
13%
Other
2
13%
Unknown
4
25%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 04 January 2017.
All research outputs
#22,756,649
of 25,371,288 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in immunology
#27,412
of 31,513 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#363,118
of 422,324 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in immunology
#310
of 343 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,371,288 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 31,513 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.4. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 343 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
