Natalija Gerasimčik, Minghui He, Carin I. M. Dahlberg, Nikolai V. Kuznetsov, Eva Severinson, Lisa S. Westerberg
Abstract
The Rho GTPases Cdc42, Rac1, and Rac2 coordinate receptor signaling to cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Deletion of Rac1 and Rac2 early during B cell development leads to failure in B cell entry into the splenic white pulp. Here, we sought to understand the role of Rac1 and Rac2 in B cell functionality and during the humoral antibody response. To circumvent the migratory deficiency of B cells lacking both Rac1 and Rac2, we took the approach to inducibly delete Rac1 in Rac2(-/-) B cells in the spleen (Rac1(B)Rac2(-/-) B cells). Rac1(B)Rac2(-/-) mice had normal differentiation of splenic B cell populations, except for a reduction in marginal zone B cells. Rac1(B)Rac2(-/-) B cells showed normal spreading response on antibody-coated layers, while both Rac2(-/-) and Rac1(B)Rac2(-/-) B cells had reduced homotypic adhesion and decreased proliferative response when compared to wild-type B cells. Upon challenge with the T-cell-independent antigen TNP-conjugated lipopolysaccharide, Rac1(B)Rac2(-/-) mice showed reduced antibody response. In contrast, in response to the T-cell-dependent antigen sheep red blood cells, Rac1(B)Rac2(-/-) mice had increased serum titers of IgG1 and IgG2b. During in vitro Ig class switching, Rac1(B)Rac2(-/-) B cells had elevated germline γ2b transcripts leading to increased Ig class switching to IgG2b. Our data suggest that Rac1 and Rac2 serve an important role in regulation of the B cell humoral immune response and in suppressing Ig class switching to IgG2b.
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 5. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 25 May 2023.
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#7,208,166
of 25,382,440 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in immunology
#8,110
of 31,537 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#107,745
of 332,159 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in immunology
#166
of 540 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,382,440 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 71st percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 31,537 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.4. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 73% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 332,159 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 67% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 540 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 68% of its contemporaries.
