Title |
Emergence and Spreading Potential of Zika Virus
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in Microbiology, October 2016
|
DOI | 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01667 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Álvaro Fajardo, Juan Cristina, Pilar Moreno |
Abstract |
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae) closely related to dengue, yellow fever and West Nile viruses. ZIKV remained neglected, confined to enzootic transmission cycles in Africa and Asia, until the first significant outbreak was reported in Micronesia in 2007. Subsequent epidemics of growing incidence occurred in French Polynesia and other South Pacific Islands, and recently, in the Americas. The latter and currently ongoing outbreak of unprecedented incidence revealed the association of ZIKV infection with the occurrence of severe congenital malformations and neurological diseases, leading to a widespread concern about its potential to pose a global public health threat. Serological and molecular data suggest that the genetic and geographic diversification of ZIKV may be greatly underestimated. Here we discuss several ecological and epidemiological aspects, together with the evolutionary processes that may have driven the emergence and abrupt spread of ZIKV in the Americas. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Brazil | 2 | 9% |
United States | 2 | 9% |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 | 5% |
India | 1 | 5% |
Belgium | 1 | 5% |
New Zealand | 1 | 5% |
Unknown | 14 | 64% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 10 | 45% |
Scientists | 8 | 36% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 14% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 137 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 33 | 24% |
Student > Master | 27 | 19% |
Researcher | 20 | 14% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 16 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 6 | 4% |
Other | 18 | 13% |
Unknown | 19 | 14% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 23 | 17% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 20 | 14% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 16 | 12% |
Social Sciences | 12 | 9% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 11 | 8% |
Other | 30 | 22% |
Unknown | 27 | 19% |