Polyketides (PKs) and nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) are widely applied as drugs in use today, and one potential source for novel PKs and NRPs is the marine sediment microbes. However, the diversities of microbes and their PKs and NRPs biosynthetic genes in the marine sediment are rarely reported. In this study, 16S rRNA gene fragments of the Yellow Sea sediment were analyzed, demonstrating thatProteobacteriaandBacteroidetesaccounted for 62% of all the bacterial species andActinobacteriabacteria which were seen as the typical PKs and NRPs producers only accounted for 0.82% of all the bacterial species. At the same time, PKs and NRPs diversities were evaluated based on the diversity of gene fragments of type I polyketide synthase (PKS) ketosynthase domain (KS), nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) adenylation domain (AD), and dTDP-glucose-4,6-dehydratase (dTGD). The results showed that AD genes and dTGD genes were abundant and some of them had less than 50% identities with known ones; By contrast, only few KS genes were identified and most of them had more than 60% identities with known KS genes. Moreover, one 70,000-fosmid clone library was further constructed to screen for fosmid clones harboring PKS or NRPS gene clusters of the Yellow Sea sediment. Nine selected fosmid clones harboring KS or AD were sequenced, and three of the clones were assigned toProteobacteria. Though only fewActinobacteria16S rRNA gene sequences were detected in the microbial community, five of the screened fosmid clones were assigned toActinobacteria. Further assembly of the 9 fosmid clones resulted in 11 contigs harboring PKS, NRPS or hybrid NPRS-PKS gene clusters. These gene clusters showed less than 60% identities with the known ones and might synthesize novel natural products. Taken together, we revealed the diversity of microbes in the Yellow Sea sediments and found that most of the microbes were uncultured. Besides, evaluation of PKS and NRPS biosynthetic gene clusters suggested that the marine sediment might have the ability to synthesize novel natural products and more NRPS gene clusters than PKS gene clusters distributed in this environment.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
3
4%
Social Sciences
2
2%
Other
5
6%
Unknown
29
35%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 15 March 2018.
All research outputs
#13,140,583
of 23,498,099 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Microbiology
#9,064
of 25,939 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#158,054
of 331,170 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Microbiology
#288
of 595 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,498,099 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 43rd percentile – i.e., 43% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 25,939 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 6.3. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 63% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 595 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 50% of its contemporaries.
