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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
HTLV-1 Alters T Cells for Viral Persistence and Transmission
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Frontiers in Microbiology, March 2018
|
| DOI | 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00461 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Azusa Tanaka, Masao Matsuoka |
| Abstract |
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first retrovirus to be discovered as a causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) and chronic inflammatory diseases. Two viral factors, Tax and HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ), are thought to be involved in the leukemogenesis of ATL. Tax expression is frequently lost due to DNA methylation in the promoter region, genetic changes to thetaxgene, and deletion of the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) in approximately half of all ATL cases. On the other hand,HBZis expressed in all ATL cases. HBZ is known to function in both protein form and mRNA form, and both forms play an important role in the oncogenic process of HTLV-1. HBZ protein has a variety of functions, including the suppression of apoptosis, the promotion of proliferation, and the impairment of anti-viral activity, through the interaction with several host cellular proteins including p300/CBP, Foxp3, and Foxo3a. These functions dramatically modify the transcriptional profiling of host T cells.HBZmRNA also promotes T cell proliferation and viability. HBZ changes infected T cells to CCR4+TIGIT+CD4+effector/memory T cells. This unique immunophenotype enables T cells to migrate into various organs and tissues and to survivein vivo. In this review, we summarize how HBZ hijacks the transcriptional networks and immune systems of host T cells to contribute to HTLV-1 pathogenesis on the basis of recent new findings aboutHBZandtax. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 2 | 33% |
| France | 1 | 17% |
| Unknown | 3 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 4 | 67% |
| Scientists | 1 | 17% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 17% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 43 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 43 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 9 | 21% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 16% |
| Student > Bachelor | 5 | 12% |
| Other | 2 | 5% |
| Lecturer | 2 | 5% |
| Other | 8 | 19% |
| Unknown | 10 | 23% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Immunology and Microbiology | 11 | 26% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 9 | 21% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 12% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 9% |
| Computer Science | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 2 | 5% |
| Unknown | 11 | 26% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 04 December 2018.
All research outputs
#12,780,663
of 23,041,514 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Microbiology
#8,673
of 25,180 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#154,862
of 332,297 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Microbiology
#282
of 607 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,041,514 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 44th percentile – i.e., 44% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 25,180 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 6.3. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 64% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 332,297 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 52% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 607 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 53% of its contemporaries.