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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Synaptic Ribbon Active Zones in Cone Photoreceptors Operate Independently from One Another
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, July 2017
|
| DOI | 10.3389/fncel.2017.00198 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Justin J. Grassmeyer, Wallace B. Thoreson |
| Abstract |
Cone photoreceptors depolarize in darkness to release glutamate-laden synaptic vesicles. Essential to release is the synaptic ribbon, a structure that helps organize active zones by clustering vesicles near proteins that mediate exocytosis, including voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. Cone terminals have many ribbon-style active zones at which second-order neurons receive input. We asked whether there are functionally significant differences in local Ca(2+) influx among ribbons in individual cones. We combined confocal Ca(2+) imaging to measure Ca(2+) influx at individual ribbons and patch clamp recordings to record whole-cell ICa in salamander cones. We found that the voltage for half-maximal activation (V50) of whole cell ICa in cones averaged -38.1 mV ± 3.05 mV (standard deviation [SD]), close to the cone membrane potential in darkness of ca. -40 mV. Ca(2+) signals at individual ribbons varied in amplitude from one another and showed greater variability in V50 values than whole-cell ICa, suggesting that Ca(2+) signals can differ significantly among ribbons within cones. After accounting for potential sources of technical variability in measurements of Ca(2+) signals and for contributions from cone-to-cone differences in ICa, we found that the variability in V50 values for ribbon Ca(2+) signals within individual cones showed a SD of 2.5 mV. Simulating local differences in Ca(2+) channel activity at two ribbons by shifting the V50 value of ICa by ±2.5 mV (1 SD) about the mean suggests that when the membrane depolarizes to -40 mV, two ribbons could experience differences in Ca(2+) influx of >45%. Further evidence that local Ca(2+) changes at ribbons can be regulated independently was obtained in experiments showing that activation of inhibitory feedback from horizontal cells (HCs) to cones in paired recordings changed both amplitude and V50 of Ca(2+) signals at individual ribbons. By varying the strength of synaptic output, differences in voltage dependence and amplitude of Ca(2+) signals at individual ribbons shape the information transmitted from cones to downstream neurons in vision. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Switzerland | 1 | 33% |
| Unknown | 2 | 67% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 3 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 21 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 21 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 38% |
| Researcher | 4 | 19% |
| Student > Master | 3 | 14% |
| Student > Bachelor | 1 | 5% |
| Professor | 1 | 5% |
| Other | 3 | 14% |
| Unknown | 1 | 5% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Neuroscience | 10 | 48% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 29% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 10% |
| Social Sciences | 1 | 5% |
| Chemistry | 1 | 5% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 1 | 5% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 30 July 2017.
All research outputs
#16,522,185
of 24,309,087 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
#2,867
of 4,515 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#201,750
of 316,137 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
#68
of 101 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,309,087 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 21st percentile – i.e., 21% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 4,515 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 6.6. This one is in the 29th percentile – i.e., 29% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 316,137 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 27th percentile – i.e., 27% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 101 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 27th percentile – i.e., 27% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.