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Prolonged Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells and TH2-Skewed Immunity in Stroke Patients

Overview of attention for article published in Frontiers in Neurology, January 2017
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Title
Prolonged Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells and TH2-Skewed Immunity in Stroke Patients
Published in
Frontiers in Neurology, January 2017
DOI 10.3389/fneur.2017.00006
Pubmed ID
Authors

Connie H. Y. Wong, Craig N. Jenne, Patrick P. Tam, Caroline Léger, Andres Venegas, Karla Ryckborst, Michael D. Hill, Paul Kubes

Abstract

Infection is highly prevalent and contribute significantly to mortality of stroke patients. In addition to the well described robust systemic lymphocytopenia and skewed T helper 2 (TH2)-immunity after stroke, emerging experimental evidence demonstrate that the development of infection poststroke is attributed by the activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. In this prospective study, we examined the levels of a broad spectrum of inflammatory mediators, the activation status of iNKT cell in the blood of patients with various degree of stroke severity, and investigate whether these parameters differ in patients who later develop poststroke infections. We obtained blood from stroke patients and matching controls to perform flow cytometry and multiplex measurement of inflammatory mediators. Our data suggest a pronounced activation of iNKT cells in stroke patients as compared with matched Healthy and Hospital control patients. The magnitude of iNKT activation is positively correlated with the severity of stroke, supporting the hypothesis that iNKT cells may contribute in the modulation of the host immune response after stroke-associated brain injury. In addition, stroke severity is closely correlated with decreased TH1/TH2 ratio, increased production of interleukin (IL)-10, with infected stroke patients showing exacerbated production of IL-10. Stroke triggers a robust and sustained shift in systemic immunity in patients, including specific lymphopenia, robust activation of iNKT cells, systemic production of IL-10, and a prolonged TH2-skewed immunity, all are potential contributors to severe immune suppression seen in patients after stroke. Future studies with large sample size will provide potential causality relationship insights.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 32 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Germany 1 3%
Unknown 31 97%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Ph. D. Student 7 22%
Researcher 6 19%
Student > Master 4 13%
Other 3 9%
Professor 2 6%
Other 5 16%
Unknown 5 16%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Immunology and Microbiology 9 28%
Medicine and Dentistry 4 13%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 3 9%
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science 2 6%
Neuroscience 2 6%
Other 4 13%
Unknown 8 25%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 25 January 2017.
All research outputs
#14,255,513
of 22,940,083 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Neurology
#5,689
of 11,843 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#226,427
of 417,650 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Neurology
#43
of 98 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,940,083 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 37th percentile – i.e., 37% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 11,843 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 7.3. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 51% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 417,650 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 45th percentile – i.e., 45% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 98 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 55% of its contemporaries.