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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Evidence That Pupil Size and Reactivity Are Determined More by Your Parents Than by Your Environment
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Frontiers in Neurology, April 2021
|
| DOI | 10.3389/fneur.2021.651755 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Abdus Samad Ansari, Jelle Vehof, Christopher J. Hammond, Fion D. Bremner, Katie M. Williams |
| Abstract |
Purpose: A classic twin study to evaluate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to resting pupil size and reactivity. Methods: Pupillometry was performed on 326 female twins (mean age 64 years) from the TwinsUK Adult Twin Registry, assessing resting pupil diameter in darkness and increasing levels of ambient light, alongside dynamic pupillary characteristics. Maximum-likelihood structural equation models estimated the proportion of trait variance attributable to genetic factors. Results: Mean (SD) pupil diameter in darkness was 5.29 mm (0.81), decreasing to 3.24 mm (0.57) in bright light. Pupil light reaction (PLR) had a mean (SD) amplitude of 1.38 mm (0.27) and latency of 250.34 milliseconds (28.58). Pupil size and PLR were not associated with iris colour, intraocular pressure or refractive error, but were associated with age (diameter β = -0.02, p = 0.016, constriction amplitude β = -0.01, p < 0.001, velocity β = 0.03, p < 0.001, and latency β = 0.98, p < 0.001). In darkness the resting pupil size showed a MZ intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.85, almost double that of DZ (0.44), suggesting strong additive genetic effects, with the most parsimonious model estimating a heritability of 86% [95% confidence interval (CI) 79-90%] with 14% (95% CI 10-21%) explained by unique environmental factors. PLR amplitude, latency and constriction velocity had estimated heritabilities of 69% (95% CI 54-79%), 40% (95% CI 21-56%), and 64% (95% CI 48-75%), respectively. Conclusion: Genetic effects are key determinants of resting pupil size and reactivity. Future studies to identify these genetic factors could improve our understanding of variation in pupil size and pupillary reactions in health and disease. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 19 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 19 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unspecified | 6 | 32% |
| Researcher | 3 | 16% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 2 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 1 | 5% |
| Student > Master | 1 | 5% |
| Other | 1 | 5% |
| Unknown | 5 | 26% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unspecified | 6 | 32% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 21% |
| Engineering | 2 | 11% |
| Physics and Astronomy | 1 | 5% |
| Psychology | 1 | 5% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 5 | 26% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 12 May 2021.
All research outputs
#20,707,815
of 23,308,124 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Neurology
#9,179
of 12,222 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#365,919
of 437,488 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Neurology
#383
of 561 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,308,124 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 12,222 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 7.3. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 437,488 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 561 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.