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Analysis of the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors using semi-mechanistic model

Overview of attention for article published in Frontiers in Pharmacology, October 2014
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Title
Analysis of the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors using semi-mechanistic model
Published in
Frontiers in Pharmacology, October 2014
DOI 10.3389/fphar.2014.00218
Pubmed ID
Authors

Oleg Demin, Tatiana Yakovleva, Dmitry Kolobkov, Oleg Demin

Abstract

The Renal sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is one of the most promising targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Two SGLT2 inhibitors, dapagliflozin, and canagliflozin, have already been approved for use in USA and Europe; several additional compounds are also being developed for this purpose. Based on the in vitro IC50 values and plasma concentration of dapagliflozin measured in clinical trials, the marketed dosage of the drug was expected to almost completely inhibit SGLT2 function and reduce glucose reabsorption by 90%. However, the administration of dapagliflozin resulted in only 30-50% inhibition of reabsorption. This study was aimed at investigating the mechanism underlying the discrepancy between the expected and observed levels of glucose reabsorption. To this end, systems pharmacology models were developed to analyze the time profile of dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, ipragliflozin, empagliflozin, and tofogliflozin in the plasma and urine; their filtration and active secretion from the blood to the renal proximal tubules; reverse reabsorption; urinary excretion; and their inhibitory effect on SGLT2. The model shows that concentration levels of tofogliflozin, ipragliflozin, and empagliflozin are higher than levels of other inhibitors following administration of marketed SGLT2 inhibitors at labeled doses and non-marketed SGLT2 inhibitors at maximal doses (approved for phase 2/3 studies). All the compounds exhibited almost 100% inhibition of SGLT2. Based on the results of our model, two explanations for the observed low efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors were supported: (1) the site of action of SGLT2 inhibitors is not in the lumen of the kidney's proximal tubules, but elsewhere (e.g., the kidneys proximal tubule cells); and (2) there are other transporters that could facilitate glucose reabsorption under the conditions of SGLT2 inhibition (e.g., other transporters of SGLT family).

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 40 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
United States 1 3%
Sweden 1 3%
Russia 1 3%
Unknown 37 93%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Researcher 11 28%
Student > Bachelor 4 10%
Other 4 10%
Student > Ph. D. Student 4 10%
Student > Master 3 8%
Other 5 13%
Unknown 9 23%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Medicine and Dentistry 10 25%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 8 20%
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science 4 10%
Computer Science 2 5%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 1 3%
Other 3 8%
Unknown 12 30%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 13 October 2014.
All research outputs
#20,656,820
of 25,374,647 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Pharmacology
#9,978
of 19,717 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#196,185
of 268,060 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Pharmacology
#28
of 53 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,374,647 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 10th percentile – i.e., 10% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 19,717 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.3. This one is in the 37th percentile – i.e., 37% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 268,060 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 14th percentile – i.e., 14% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 53 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 30th percentile – i.e., 30% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.