Title |
Cafedrine/Theodrenaline (20:1) Is an Established Alternative for the Management of Arterial Hypotension in Germany—a Review Based on a Systematic Literature Search
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in Pharmacology, February 2017
|
DOI | 10.3389/fphar.2017.00068 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Berthold Bein, Torsten Christ, Leopold H. J. Eberhart |
Abstract |
A 20:1 combination of cafedrine:theodrenaline (Akrinor®) is widely used in Germany for the treatment of hypotensive states during anesthesia and in emergency medicine. Although this drug formulation has been available since 1963, there are few studies relating to its use and many of the data are only available in German. In this article, we summarize the available data and propose mechanisms for the effects of cafedrine/theodrenaline on cardiac muscle cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Cafedrine/theodrenaline leads to a rapid increase in mean arterial pressure that is characterized by increased cardiac preload, stroke volume, and cardiac output. Systemic vascular resistance and heart rate remain mostly unchanged. Factors which impact the effects of cafedrine/theodrenaline are gender, high arterial pressure at baseline, use of β-blockers, and heart failure. Importantly, the drug is frequently used in obstetric anesthesia without detrimental effects on umbilical cord pH or APGAR score. |
X Demographics
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Germany | 4 | 36% |
Unknown | 7 | 64% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 10 | 91% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 9% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 27 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 5 | 19% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 15% |
Other | 3 | 11% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 3 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 7% |
Other | 6 | 22% |
Unknown | 4 | 15% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 13 | 48% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 4 | 15% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 4% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 4% |
Computer Science | 1 | 4% |
Other | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 6 | 22% |