Title |
A new paradigm for muscle contraction
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in Physiology, June 2015
|
DOI | 10.3389/fphys.2015.00174 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Walter Herzog, Krysta Powers, Kaleena Johnston, Mike Duvall |
Abstract |
For the past 60 years, muscle contraction had been thought to be governed exclusively by the contractile filaments, actin, and myosin. This thinking explained most observations for concentric and isometric, but not for eccentric muscle contractions. Just over a decade ago, we discovered that eccentric contractions were associated with a force that could not be assigned to actin and myosin, but was at least in part associated with the filamentous protein titin. Titin was found to bind calcium upon activation, thereby increasing its structural stability, and thus its stiffness and force. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that the proximal part of titin binds to actin in an activation- and force-dependent manner, thereby shortening its free length, thus increasing its stiffness and force. Therefore, we propose that muscle contraction involves three filaments, actin, myosin and titin, and that titin regulates force by binding calcium and by shortening its spring length by binding to actin. |
X Demographics
As of 1 July 2024, you may notice a temporary increase in the numbers of X profiles with Unknown location. Click here to learn more.
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 29 | 19% |
United States | 17 | 11% |
Spain | 9 | 6% |
Brazil | 6 | 4% |
Sweden | 6 | 4% |
Australia | 4 | 3% |
Belgium | 3 | 2% |
Chile | 3 | 2% |
South Africa | 2 | 1% |
Other | 24 | 16% |
Unknown | 49 | 32% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 93 | 61% |
Scientists | 49 | 32% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 6 | 4% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 4 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 4 | <1% |
Brazil | 4 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Turkey | 1 | <1% |
Malaysia | 1 | <1% |
Singapore | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 432 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 79 | 18% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 64 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 57 | 13% |
Researcher | 41 | 9% |
Professor | 27 | 6% |
Other | 91 | 20% |
Unknown | 86 | 19% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Sports and Recreations | 116 | 26% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 57 | 13% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 43 | 10% |
Engineering | 31 | 7% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 23 | 5% |
Other | 64 | 14% |
Unknown | 111 | 25% |