Effects of dietary valine:lysine ratio on the performance, amino acid composition of tissues and mRNA expression of genes involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism of weaned piglets
Ye Tong Xu, Xiao Kang, Chun Lin Wang, Ming Feng Yuan, Xiang Shu Piao
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary standard ileal digestible (SID) valine:lysine ratios on performance, intestinal morphology, amino acids of liver and muscle, plasma indices and mRNA expression of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism enzymes.
A total of 144 crossbred pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) weaned at 28 ± 4 days of age (8.79 ± 0.02 kg body weight) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 diets formulated to provide SID valine: lysine ratios of 50, 60, 70 or 80%. Each diet was fed to 6 pens of pigs with 6 pigs per pen (3 gilts and 3 barrows) for 28 days.
Average daily gain increased quadratically (P < 0.05), the villous height of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum increased linearly (P < 0.05) as the SID valine: lysine ratio increased. The concentrations of plasma α-keto isovaleric and valine increased linearly (P < 0.05), plasma aspartate, asparagine, cysteine and glutamine decreased (P < 0.05) as the SID valine: lysine ratio increased. An increase in SID lysine: valine levels increased mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial BCAA transaminase and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase in the longissimus dorsi muscle (P < 0.05).
Using a quadratic model, a SID valine: lysine ratio of 68% was shown to maximize the growth of weaned pigs which is slightly higher than the level recommended by the National Research Council (2012).
