Title |
Chromatin loops, gene positioning, and gene expression
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in Genetics, January 2012
|
DOI | 10.3389/fgene.2012.00217 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sjoerd Holwerda, Wouter de Laat |
Abstract |
Technological developments and intense research over the last years have led to a better understanding of the 3D structure of the genome and its influence on genome function inside the cell nucleus. We will summarize topological studies performed on four model gene loci: the α- and β-globin gene loci, the antigen receptor loci, the imprinted H19-Igf2 locus and the Hox gene clusters. Collectively, these studies show that regulatory DNA sequences physically contact genes to control their transcription. Proteins set up the 3D configuration of the genome and we will discuss the roles of the key structural organizers CTCF and cohesin, the nuclear lamina and the transcription machinery. Finally, genes adopt non-random positions in the nuclear interior. We will review studies on gene positioning and propose that cell-specific genome conformations can juxtapose a regulatory sequence on one chromosome to a responsive gene on another chromosome to cause altered gene expression in subpopulations of cells. |
X Demographics
As of 1 July 2024, you may notice a temporary increase in the numbers of X profiles with Unknown location. Click here to learn more.
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 4 | 2% |
United States | 3 | 1% |
Canada | 2 | <1% |
Israel | 1 | <1% |
Lithuania | 1 | <1% |
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Argentina | 1 | <1% |
Portugal | 1 | <1% |
Russia | 1 | <1% |
Other | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 227 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 72 | 30% |
Researcher | 47 | 19% |
Student > Master | 28 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 22 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 18 | 7% |
Other | 26 | 11% |
Unknown | 30 | 12% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 118 | 49% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 65 | 27% |
Computer Science | 8 | 3% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 2% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 3 | 1% |
Other | 9 | 4% |
Unknown | 34 | 14% |