Title |
Biophysical Properties of Optogenetic Tools and Their Application for Vision Restoration Approaches
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, September 2016
|
DOI | 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00074 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Simon D. Klapper, Anka Swiersy, Ernst Bamberg, Volker Busskamp |
Abstract |
Optogenetics is the use of genetically encoded light-activated proteins to manipulate cells in a minimally invasive way using light. The most prominent example is channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), which allows the activation of electrically excitable cells via light-dependent depolarization. The combination of ChR2 with hyperpolarizing-light-driven ion pumps such as the Cl(-) pump halorhodopsin (NpHR) enables multimodal remote control of neuronal cells in culture, tissue, and living animals. Very soon, it became obvious that this method offers a chance of gene therapy for many diseases affecting vision. Here, we will give a brief introduction to retinal function and retinal diseases; optogenetic vision restoration strategies will be highlighted. We will discuss the functional and structural properties of rhodopsin-based optogenetic tools and analyze the potential for the application of vision restoration. |
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