#pediatrics #immunology #neuroimmunology #neurology 4-ethylphenyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate are structurally related. Both are elevated in autism spectrum disorder. 4-ethylphenyl sulfate is associated with anxiety and reduced by B. fragilis probiotic
#geriatrics #hepatology #immunology #neuroimmunology #pathology #Parkinsons High levels of p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate in the cerebral spinal fluid of patients with Parkinson’s disease are associated with Parkinson’s pathogenesis and progression
#neurology #pediatrics #immunology P-cresyl sulfate can induce free radical producing leukocytes and increase inflammation and oxidative stress and phagocytosis of macrophages. On the other hand, the highest concentration can suppress immune response. h
#pediatrics #hepatology #publichealth #immunology (P-cresyl sulfate is increased in autism. The liver is affected by toxins and insufficient sunlight.) 95% of p-cresol produced by gut bacteria is metabolized into p-cresyl sulfate, primarily in the liver