Title |
Animal Viruses, Bacteria, and Cancer: A Brief Commentary
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in Public Health, January 2014
|
DOI | 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00014 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jimmy T. Efird, Stephen W. Davies, Wesley T. O’Neal, Ethan J. Anderson |
Abstract |
Animal viruses and bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment. However, little is known about their mode of transmission and etiologic role in human cancers, especially among high-risk groups (e.g., farmers, veterinarians, poultry plant workers, pet owners, and infants). Many factors may affect the survival, transmissibility, and carcinogenicity of these agents, depending on the animal-host environment, hygiene practices, climate, travel, herd immunity, and cultural differences in food consumption and preparation. Seasonal variations in immune function also may increase host susceptibility at certain times of the year. The lack of objective measures, inconsistent study designs, and sources of epidemiologic bias (e.g., residual confounding, recall bias, and non-randomized patient selection) are some of the factors that complicate a clear understanding of this subject. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 14 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 13 | 93% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 7% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 1 | 2% |
Netherlands | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 60 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 11 | 18% |
Student > Bachelor | 10 | 16% |
Researcher | 7 | 11% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 11% |
Other | 4 | 6% |
Other | 10 | 16% |
Unknown | 13 | 21% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 15 | 24% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 7 | 11% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 10% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 4 | 6% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 3 | 5% |
Other | 12 | 19% |
Unknown | 15 | 24% |