Legionella pneumophila
(L. pneumophila) is an opportunistic waterborne pathogen and the causative agent for Legionnaires' disease, which is transmitted to humans via inhalation of contaminated water droplets. The bacterium is able to colonize a variety of man-made water systems such as cooling towers, spas, and dental lines and is widely distributed in multiple niches, including several species of protozoa In addition to survival in planktonic phase,L. pneumophilais able to survive and persist within multi-species biofilms that cover surfaces within water systems. Biofilm formation byL. pneumophilais advantageous for the pathogen as it leads to persistence, spread, resistance to treatments and an increase in virulence of this bacterium. Furthermore, Legionellosis outbreaks have been associated with the presence ofL. pneumophilain biofilms, even after the extensive chemical and physical treatments. In the microbial consortium-containingL. pneumophilaamong other organisms, several factors either positively or negatively regulate the presence and persistence ofL. pneumophilain this bacterial community. Biofilm-formingL. pneumophilais of a major importance to public health and have impact on the medical and industrial sectors. Indeed, prevention and removal protocols ofL. pneumophilaas well as diagnosis and hospitalization of patients infected with this bacteria cost governments billions of dollars. Therefore, understanding the biological and environmental factors that contribute to persistence and physiological adaptation in biofilms can be detrimental to eradicate and prevent the transmission ofL. pneumophila. In this review, we focus on various factors that contribute to persistence ofL. pneumophilawithin the biofilm consortium, the advantages that the bacteria gain from surviving in biofilms, genes and gene regulation during biofilm formation and finally challenges related to biofilm resistance to biocides andanti-Legionellatreatments.
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 9. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 January 2023.
All research outputs
#3,733,455
of 23,578,918 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
#738
of 6,880 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#72,466
of 330,910 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
#22
of 116 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,578,918 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 84th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 6,880 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.7. This one has done well, scoring higher than 89% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 330,910 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 78% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 116 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 81% of its contemporaries.
