Title |
Apoptotic Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: More Than Just Debris
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, June 2018
|
DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01486 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sarah Caruso, Ivan K. H. Poon |
Abstract |
The many functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes and microvesicles released from healthy cells have been well characterized, particularly in relation to their roles in immune modulation. Apoptotic bodies, a major class of EV released as a product of apoptotic cell disassembly, and other types of EVs released from dying cells are also becoming recognized as key players in this emerging field. There is now increasing evidence to suggest that EVs produced during apoptosis have important immune regulatory roles, a concept relevant across different disease settings including autoimmunity, cancer, and infection. Therefore, this review focuses on how the formation of EVs during apoptosis could be a key mechanism of immune modulation by dying cells. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 2 | 6% |
Mexico | 2 | 6% |
Singapore | 2 | 6% |
Italy | 1 | 3% |
Saudi Arabia | 1 | 3% |
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1 | 3% |
Japan | 1 | 3% |
Germany | 1 | 3% |
Unknown | 22 | 67% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 17 | 52% |
Scientists | 14 | 42% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 398 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 80 | 20% |
Researcher | 53 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 44 | 11% |
Student > Master | 40 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 32 | 8% |
Other | 39 | 10% |
Unknown | 110 | 28% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 119 | 30% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 44 | 11% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 34 | 9% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 25 | 6% |
Neuroscience | 13 | 3% |
Other | 36 | 9% |
Unknown | 127 | 32% |