Title |
Hypoxia-Driven Immunosuppressive Metabolites in the Tumor Microenvironment: New Approaches for Combinational Immunotherapy
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, July 2018
|
DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01591 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Yiliang Li, Sapna Pradyuman Patel, Jason Roszik, Yong Qin |
Abstract |
Hypoxia is not only a prominent contributor to the heterogeneity of solid tumors but also a crucial stressor in the microenvironment to drive adaptations for tumors to evade immunosurveillance. Herein, we discuss the potential role of hypoxia within the microenvironment contributing to immune resistance and immune suppression of tumor cells. We outline recent discoveries of hypoxia-driven adaptive mechanisms that diminish immune cell response via skewing the expression of important immune checkpoint molecules (e.g., cluster of differentiation 47, programmed death ligand 1, and human leukocyte antigen G), altered metabolism and metabolites, and pH regulation. Importantly, inhibition of hypoxic stress-relevant pathways can collectively enhance T-cell-mediated tumor cell killing. Furthermore, we discuss how manipulation of hypoxia stress may pose a promising new strategy for a combinational therapeutic intervention to enhance immunotherapy of solid tumors. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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France | 2 | 25% |
United States | 1 | 13% |
Malaysia | 1 | 13% |
India | 1 | 13% |
Switzerland | 1 | 13% |
Germany | 1 | 13% |
Unknown | 1 | 13% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 7 | 88% |
Scientists | 1 | 13% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 146 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 24 | 16% |
Researcher | 23 | 16% |
Student > Master | 17 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 15 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 12 | 8% |
Other | 23 | 16% |
Unknown | 32 | 22% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 31 | 21% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 23 | 16% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 18 | 12% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 14 | 10% |
Neuroscience | 3 | 2% |
Other | 15 | 10% |
Unknown | 42 | 29% |