Title |
Hypoxia Promotes Tumor Growth in Linking Angiogenesis to Immune Escape
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, January 2012
|
DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00021 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Salem Chouaib, Yosra Messai, Sophie Couve, Bernard Escudier, Meriem Hasmim, Muhammad Zaeem Noman |
Abstract |
Despite the impressive progress over the past decade, in the field of tumor immunology, such as the identification of tumor antigens and antigenic peptides, there are still many obstacles in eliciting an effective immune response to eradicate cancer. It has become increasingly clear that tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the control of immune protection. Tumors have evolved to utilize hypoxic stress to their own advantage by activating key biochemical and cellular pathways that are important in progression, survival, and metastasis. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play a determinant role in promoting tumor cell growth and survival. Hypoxia contributes to immune suppression by activating HIF-1 and VEGF pathways. Accumulating evidence suggests a link between hypoxia and tumor tolerance to immune surveillance through the recruitment of regulatory cells (regulatory T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells). In this regard, hypoxia (HIF-1α and VEGF) is emerging as an attractive target for cancer therapy. How the microenvironmental hypoxia poses both obstacles and opportunities for new therapeutic immune interventions will be discussed. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Czechia | 1 | <1% |
Luxembourg | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 135 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 35 | 26% |
Researcher | 24 | 18% |
Student > Master | 17 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 9 | 7% |
Student > Bachelor | 7 | 5% |
Other | 19 | 14% |
Unknown | 26 | 19% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 31 | 23% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 29 | 21% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 20 | 15% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 9 | 7% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 6 | 4% |
Other | 14 | 10% |
Unknown | 28 | 20% |