Ana B. Mendoza-Soto, Federico Sánchez, Georgina Hernández
Abstract
Metal toxicity is a major stress affecting crop production. This includes metals that are essential for plants (copper, iron, zinc, manganese), and non-essential metals (cadmium, aluminum, cobalt, mercury). A primary common effect of high concentrations of metal such as aluminum, copper, cadmium, or mercury is root growth inhibition. Metal toxicity triggers the accumulation of reactive oxygen species leading to damage of lipids, proteins, and DNA. The plants response to metal toxicity involves several biological processes that require fine and precise regulation at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21 nucleotide non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. A miRNA, incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex, promotes cleavage of its target mRNA that is recognized by an almost perfect base complementarity. In plants, miRNA regulation is involved in development and also in biotic and abiotic stress responses. We review novel advances in identifying miRNAs related to metal toxicity responses and their potential role according to their targets. Most of the targets for plant metal-responsive miRNAs are transcription factors. Information about metal-responsive miRNAs in different plants points to important regulatory roles of miR319, miR390, miR393, and miR398. The target of miR319 is the TCP transcription factor, implicated in growth control. miR390 exerts its action through the biogenesis of trans-acting small interference RNAs that, in turn, regulate auxin responsive factors. miR393 targets the auxin receptors TIR1/AFBs and a bHLH transcription factor. Increasing evidence points to the crucial role of miR398 and its targets Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases in the control of the oxidative stress generated after high copper or iron exposure.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
2
2%
Unspecified
1
<1%
Other
4
3%
Unknown
25
20%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 6. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 18 July 2012.
All research outputs
#5,505,220
of 22,668,244 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Plant Science
#2,746
of 19,828 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#48,955
of 244,068 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Plant Science
#25
of 195 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,668,244 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 75th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 19,828 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 4.0. This one has done well, scoring higher than 85% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 244,068 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 79% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 195 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 87% of its contemporaries.
