"ER stress sensors (more on this below) and protein-folding chaperones also cluster at the MAMs, including BiP, calnexin, calreticulin, ERp44, ERp57, and Sigma 1 receptor" https://t.co/myyAowbzU0
3,767 followers
3,767 followers
https://t.co/FSIl27Q5Fp "However, there are relatively low levels of GSH in the ER, predisposing to the oxidizing environment." "Ratios of GSH:GSSG are 1:1–3:1 vs. 30–100:1 in the cytosol."
3,767 followers
https://t.co/FSIl27Q5Fp "Glutathione peroxidases and GSH help scavenge excess ROS." "Binding of oxidized glutathione peroxidase to BiP enhances its chaperone activity." "GSH also reduces disulfide bonds in improperly folded proteins."
3,767 followers
https://t.co/FSIl27Q5Fp "NADPH family oxidoreductases NOX2, NOX4 and NOX5 also localize to the ER." "Other ER oxidoreductases filling a similar role to ERO1 include vitamin K epoxide reductase, quiescin sulfydryl oxidase and peroxiredoxin IV."